A typical invertebrate grouping found on the interior roof of the pipes consisting primarily of bryozoa, tunicates and sponges over the top of oyster shells. Oysters could not survive long once the other fouling organisms covered them over.
12/18/2018 9:28:21 AM
Photographer: Dr. James P. McVey
Affiliation: NOAA Sea Grant Program
Date: Jan-68
Location: Pokai Bay, Oahu
Subject: Coral Reefs
Subject: Artificial Reef
Subject: Invertebrates