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Sounding Instruments
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Sounding Instruments
Early Instruments
Figure 20. Lucas scoop sounder, invented in 1891 by Francis Lucas of theEnglish Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company, this instrument was also called the snapper. It was used primarily by ships engaged in submarine cable laying. It is a d
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Figure 21. Silvertown Company sounder, a device very similar to the Belknap-Sigsbee sounder with one important difference. This sounder had a uniqueballast release method which involved a knife cutting the line holding theballast upon beginning of
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Figure 22. Driver depth sounding device. This sounder was used by theBritish Admiralty and was very simple to maintain and use. Little is known ofits history; it is first listed in a catalog of instruments in 1896.
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Figure 23. Cable ship stopcock sounder. This instrument is saved in theOceanographic Museum under this name. Its invention is attributed to Rendle incertain articles without precisely being able to know its history.
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Figure 24. Cable ship four-tube sounder. This device operates in a mannersimilar to the previous model, and there are no further details concerning itsdesign or implementation.
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Figure 25. Bachmann penetration tubes. These instruments are not properlysounders, but an accessory for use with the instruments of the time. Thebacteriologist Martin Bachman designed these tubes in order to elongate the real sounder tube and penet
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Figure 26. The Leger dredge sounder in the descending position. This samplingdevice was designed to retain a portion of the captured sample even if a rockheld the jaws open after being activated to snap shut. This sounder was testedtwenty-two time
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Figure 26 (cont.) The Leger dredge sounder after sampling and in the ascentmode. Note that the weights were retained on the instrument and not jettisonedon the seafloor.
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Figure 27. Ekman sounder, designed by Vagn W. Ekman in 1905. This instrumentis similar to one designed by his father Fredrik L. Ekman in 1893 and toMagnaghi's sounder, described in 1891.
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(1.21 MB)
Figure 28. Pasquion sounder invented by the Frenchman August Pasquion. Thisdevice was never featured in a publication; however, it was patented on June 26, 1906, by the National Office of Industrial Property. Its first ocean teststook place in 190
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Figure 29. Gilson sounder, described in 1906 by Gustave Gilson of theUniversity of Louvain. He described a perfected scoop sounder which was similar to the Stellwagen sounder but contained a number of improvements for assuring a larger quantity of
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(1.02 MB)
Figure 29 (cont.) Gilson sounder with detail of the cover plate.
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(1.09 MB)
Figure 30. Aime dredges -- small model on left, large model on right. Thesedredges were designed by Georges Aime, Professor of Physics at the College ofAlger, in 1840 for the study of small quantities of sediment. They were not used as part of a d
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Figure 31. Thoulet round dredge, designed by Julien Thoulet, professor at theUniversity of Nancy, about 1897. Although tested aboard the Princess Alice inabout 1901, it was not until 1909 that Thoulet tested his dredge in small lakes. That same yea
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(1.38 MB)
Figure 32 (left). Phleger corer devised by Fred B. Phleger of Scripps about1951 for the study of the Foraminifera in deep water bottom samples. Phleger, previously of Amherst and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, used a similardevice on the Sw
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Figure 34. Brouardel corer invented by Jean Brouardel and Jean Vernet formeasuring dissolved oxygen in ocean water at the seafloor. This instrument wasdevised and constructed by Jean Comelli at the instrument shop of the Oceanographic Museum at Mon
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Figure 35. Brouardel surface sampler, improvement of previous instrument, wasdesigned by Jean Brouardel and Jean Vernet and constructed by Jean Comelli. This instrument was inspired by Bernard M. Jenkins' Surface Mud Sampler, created forthe limnolo
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(1.08 MB)
Figure 36. Ericsson pneumatic sounder, invented in 1835 by John Ericsson of USS MONITOR fame. This was among the first instruments to use the principle ofpressure needed to compress air a given amount to derive the depth of water.
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Figure 37. Bucknill-Casella manometric sounder, invented by Lieutenant John T.Bucknill of the Royal Engineers of the Royal Navy in 1870 to mitigate problemswith existing sounding systems. This sounder was based on Bourdon's tube, whose curvature va
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Figure 38. Stahlberger rheobathometer, invented in 1873 by Emil Stahlberger tomeasure currents, measure depth, and collect deep water samples. It was firstused on board the Austrian corvette MINERVA in 1873 in the Gulf of Fiume. Theoriginal device
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