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Sounding Instruments
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Sounding Instruments
Early Instruments
Figure 39. Massey sounder, a propeller driven sounding device first developedin 1802 by Edward Massey. Many improvements were made to this device throughthe Nineteenth Century. The instrument in the image was created by Thomas Walker in 1874. It
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Figure 40. Fol bathometer, designed by Hermann Fol who was a collaborator withPrince Albert I of Monaco. This instrument used the same principle as the Ericsson sounder. Fol replaced water with mercury in order to determine the depthattained as a
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Figure 41. Thomson pneumatic sounder, devised by Sir William Thomson, was anextremely simple device designed for use with his sounding machine on a steelline. Although based on the action of pressure on gas or liquids, it also usedthe original conc
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Figure 42. Hopfgartner and Arzberger sounder, devised by Lieutenant Franz vonHopfgartner of the Austrian Merchant Marine and Moriz Arzberger, a civil engineer, this apparatus used the same principle as aneroid barometers which utilizedthe pressure d
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(1.55 MB)
Figure 43. Bergius pneumatic sounder. No documentation could be found for thedesign, construction, or testing of this instrument. It is probable that thisinstrument was created in the early Twentieth Century by Friedrich Bergius, a1931 Nobel Prize
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Figure 44. Bamberg pneumatic bathometer, constructed by Carl Bamberg. Thisinstrument is in fact an accessory to a Bamberg sounder, which was similar tothe Thomson sounder. It used the pressure of water to push a certain quantityof water into a tub
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Figure 45. Rung bathometer, designed by Captain George Rung of the DanishMeteorological Institute. It was a new type of pneumatic sounding device basedon the principle advanced by the physician Kristian Prytz, also a Dane. It wasconsidered an adva
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Figure 45 (cont.) Detail of mechanism of Rung bathometer.
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Figure 46. Shaeffer and Budenberg recording manometer, designed and built bythe firm of Schaeffer and Budenberg. This was based on an instrument designedfor use by a German expedition to Antarctica. This device was able to work to1200 meters and w
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Figure 46 (cont.) Shaeffer and Budenberg recording manometer, mechanism above,recording graph below. The instrument is within an enclosed case which is acted upon by water pressure. An amplification mechanism transmits the displacementto a pen whi
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Figure 47. Sigsbee sounding machine, designed by Lieutenant Charles D. Sigsbee, USN. Sigsbee's sounding machine was constructed on the basis of the Thomsonwireline sounding machine. The Sigsbee apparatus represents the first realindustrial constru
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(1.31 MB)
Figure 47 (cont.) Sigsbee sounding machine, designed by Lietenant Charles D.Sigsbee, USN. Sigsbee designed this machine while in command of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship BLAKE while operating in the Gulf of Mexico in 1874and first used o
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(1.21 MB)
Figure 48. Lucas sounding machine, invented by Francis Lucas. Lucas began hiscareer laying submarine cable in 1856. He subsequently became chief engineer at the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company. He invented this lightweigt wire-soun
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(1.12 MB)
Figure 49. Bamberg sounding machine, devised by Carl Bamberg as a modificationof the Thomson piano-wire sounding machine. Thomson placed his model on theCHALLENGER but it was never successfully used there. It was the American vessels TUSCARORA and
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Figure 49 (cont.) Bamberg sounding machine, detail of accessory cupboard.
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(1.26 MB)
Figure 49 (end). Bamberg sounding machine with accessory cupboard.
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Figure 50. Belloc sounding machine, invented by Emile Belloc. This machine was designed for raising water bottles and thermometers for studying the lakes ofPyrenee Mountains. It was subsequently used in a more robust form by AndreDelebecque on Lak
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(1.23 MB)
Figure 51. HIRONDELLE II sounding machine used by Prince Albert I of Monaco.This machine represented the evolution of a number of sounding machines used byPrince Albert I since first having a wireline machine installed on the HIRONDELLE. The first
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(1.05 MB)
Figure 51 (cont.) The HIRONDELLE II sounding machine used by Prince Albert I of Monaco. During the evolution of this machine, two important changes were madeon the PRINCESS ALICE II which were used on this machine. The power was provided by an ele
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Figure 52. Thoulet sounder devised by Professor Julien Thoulet of the University of Nancy in 1908. This was a modification of the Belloc sounder that Professor Thoulet wished to make more portable and to have a lower cost. No informationis availabl
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