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Sounding Instruments
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Sounding Instruments
Early Instruments
Figure 53. Berget sounding machine, designed by Professor Alphonse Berget ofthe Oceanographic Institute of Paris. Prince Albert I of Monaco presented thistype of machine to the French Academy of Sciences in 1911. The machine wasdesigned for use in
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Figure 54. Aime's sounder release device, devised by Professor Georges Aime,professor of Physics, at the College of Alger. In 1841 Aime tested this devicein the Mediterranean in the vicinity of Alger. It could be used for watersampling as well as
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Figure 55. Burt's nipper, invented by Peter Burt, a British ship builder, in1818. It was used to keep the sounding line vertical in spite of the motion ofthe ship. It was used by the British Admiralty along with a device of the sametype designed by
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Figure 56. Pecoul logging sounder, invented in 1849 by Master Mariner AdolphePecoul of Marseille. This device was used to measure measure depths while avessel was underway or to be used as a speed logging device. It was tested in1850. In spite of
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Figure 57. Puhler sounder, described by Christian Puhler in 1563, repeated anidea first put forth by Cardinal Nicholas Pusanus a century earlier. Theprinciple, was to attach a float to a weight making it heavier than water. Upon striking bottom, t
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Figure 58. Albert sounder. The idea of Cardinal Cusanus, mentioned in the previous figure, was re-examined by the Italian architect Leo BattistaAlberti and subsequentlydescribed by Giuseppe Biancani in 1635. The design waseven simpler than Puhler
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Figure 59. Hooke sounder devised by Robert Hooke, curator of experiments of the British Royal Society, also took up Cardinal Cusanus's idea. Like thepreceding similar devices, the depth measured was obtained by comparison withthe time required for
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Figure 60. Joe Soundings sounder. This device was described in nauticalmagazine in 1832 by an individual with the pen name Joe Soundings. It used acounter incremented by a propeller to measure the distance to the bottom. It is similar to the Mass
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Figure 61. Electrosounder, used by the Italian Navy in 1954, employed a smallexplosive device which exploded on impact with the bottom and the soundsubsequently was heard at a hydrophone on a ship. The use of explosives fordepth finding was first s
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Figure 62. Leger bathometer designed by the engineer Maurice Leger working incollaboration with Prince Albert I of Monaco. It was designed to measure smallvariations in the force of gravity and relate them to the depth of water.
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Figure 63. Marti's continuous recording sounder built by the French engineerPierre Marti. In 1919, Marti began designing and describing sounding machinesbased on acoustic methods. This recording device allowed measuring time ofsound emanation and
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Figure 63 (cont.) An example of a record from the Marti continuous recordingsounder.
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Figure 64. Langevin Florisson echoscope built through collaboration ofProfessor Paul Langevin and Charles Florisson. This instrument was put intoservice in 1933 and used to measure shallow depths from small boats.
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Figure 64 (cont.) Projector unit for Langevin Florisson echoscope.
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Figure 65. Marconi electrolytic sounder - a Langevin-Touly electric recordingsounder marketed by the Marconi Sounding Device Co. Ltd. which sold theseinstruments in Great Britain. The Langevin-Touly instrument was first marketedin 1935.
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Figure 66. Marconi echometer - a Langevin-Chilowsky echometer system presentedat the Fourth Hydrographic Conference in Monaco under the name Special Modelfor Hydrographic Studies and Shallow Water Soundings, Langevin-Chilowsky system. This sounding
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Figure 67. British Admiralty echo sounder, model MS X. In the 1930's theBritish Admiralty designed a magnetostrictive ultrasonic sounding device whichsubsequently led to the manufacture of magnetostrictive sounding systems byHughes and Son Ltd.
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Figure 68. Magnetostrictive sounder model MS XII of the British Admiraltyconstructed by Hughes and Son Ltd. in 1937.
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Figure 69. Langevin quartz ultrasonic projector. This device was built in 1925 by the Society for Condensation and Mechanical Applications based on work byPaul Langevin. It was also distributed by the Marconi Company. It consisted of a piezo-elec
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