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Supplemental Material
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Supplemental Material
Early Instruments
Figure 73. Thoulet device for measuring the virtual density of large samples.Julien Thoulet described this method in 1905 for determining the apparentdensity of pumice stones, in order to better understand the origin of theserocks which were found i
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Figure 74. Device for determining the amount of carbon dioxide in a water sample. This is a Schoedter apparatus which is still used today. A sample is treated with hydrochloric acid which transforms carbonates into chlorides at whichtime carbon di
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(1.33 MB)
Figure 75. Device for determining the color of bottom samples. This device was conceived and described by Julien Thoulet in 1910.
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(1.05 MB)
Catalog of the Oceanographic Equipment in the Collection of the OceanographicMuseum at Monaco. 8. Supplements, Demonstration Material, Meteorology:Additions and Cumulative Index, by Christian Carpine. Bulletin ofthe Institute of Oceanography. Vo
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Figure 1. A plastic Secchi disk of recent origin. This disk islowered in the water until it disappears from sight. The depth at which it disappears is a measure of the water's transparency. Father AngeloSecchi devised this method in 1865 and test
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Figure 2. A model of the vessel and equipment used by the Frenchphysiologist Paul Regnard for studies of light penetration in the water and itseffects on chemical and biological phenomena. In 1889 and 1890, he performedseveral studies aboard a tarta
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Figure 3. Brouardel's luxmeter. This instrument was constructed in 1956 at theOceanographic Museum of Monaco by Jean Brouardel and Emile Rinck for theirstudies on the primary production in the Mediterranean Sea according to themethods of Steeman Nie
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Figure 4. Li-Cor photometer. This photometer was investigated by Dr. JeanBrouardel in 1974 in a quest for instruments of greater precision. Heinvestigated several including a Li-Cor quantum/radiometer/photometer developedby industry especially for
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Figure 5. Compact luxmeter, used for study of light in air. Simplicity of design and use have joined with greater and greater precision of measurement in this mass-produced industry instrument. Although apparently an instrument used inmeteorology, i
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Figure 6. Pyranometer, a sensor used to measure variations in solar radiation.It is used with a recording device, the solarigraph. The principle of operationof the pyranometer is that of the thermophile of the Dutch Willem Moll. Thisprinciple was a
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Figure 7. Photometer recorder - most recording devices of this type are designed to be compatible with the area under which observations of radiationare made. Thus, this recorder, which recorded in units of millivolts, wasdesigned for use with the py
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(1.1 MB)
Figure 8. Integrating solarimeter - measures energy developed fromsolar radiation based on the absorption of heat by a black body. Theprinciple this instrument was designed on was first developed by the Italian priest, Father Angelo Bellani. He inve
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(1.27 MB)
Plate I. Bifilar current meter designed by Otto Pettersson anddescribed in 1905.
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Figure 9. Winch system for use with the Pettersson bifilar current measuringdevice. It is a hand-crank winch designed for use in less than 100-meters waterdepth. Prince Albert I of Monaco personally used such a winch for observationson Gorringe Bank
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(1.15 MB)
Figure 10. Dahl-Fjeldstad current meter - designed by assistant professor JonasEkman Fjeldstad of the University of Bergen in collaboration with the Norwegianengineer Odd Dahl. It automatically punched its readings on a tin strip forlater reading an
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(1.27 MB)
Figure 11. Lyth river current meter- this instrument is identical to that builtby Ambler-Lafond. It functions according to the turnstile principle of ReinhardWoltman which dates from the end of the 19th Century.
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(1.18 MB)
Figure 12. Quadrangular dredge - the origin of this instrument is unclearalthough it is similar to those used on the ALBATROSS at the end of theNineteenth Century, the TRAVAILLEUR in 1880, and by Raffaele Issel in 1918.
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(1.38 MB)
Figure 13. A clamshell type grab sampler - this device was meantto grab material from the upper layers of seafloor sedimentfor study of the embedded fauna.
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(1.26 MB)
Plate 2. An early water sample bottle meant to preserve oceanwater samples for further study of dissolved oxygen in the water.
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(1.2 MB)
Figure 14. A Hydro Products water sampling bottle. This type ofwater sampling bottle was first designed by Dr. William B.Van Dorn of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1956.
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(1.59 MB)
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