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Supplemental Material
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Supplemental Material
Early Instruments
Figure 15. Support frame for four water sampling bottles. This instrumentaccessory was found in the middle of pieces of scrap iron. It was madein the museum workshop as shown in the accompanying photo by Jean Comelliand Jean Cros who worked on prot
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Figure 16. Cases of bottles for preserving water for salinity measurements. The bottles were placed in crates partitioned to protect against shock. Theflasks were sealed to prevent evaporation and contamination. Flasks were closed by ground glass st
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(1.15 MB)
Figure 17. Bottles for preserving water samples for the study of dissolvedoxygen. Methods used for preserving water for oxygen samples differedsignificantly from those used for preserving salinity samples.
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Figure 18. Crates of bottles for water samples designated to study dissolvedoxygen. The upper crate contains 15 bottles while the lower crate contains 24.Such crates have been used to store bottles with ground glass stoppersfor dissolved oxygen sam
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(1.14 MB)
Plate 3. Title page of the guide to German instruments at the InternationalOceanographic and Marine Fisheries Exposition of 1906. A description ofApstein's mud sampling tube was found in this document.
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Figure 19. Apstein's mud sampler - an instrument described in the catalog ofthe German Section of the International Oceanographic and Marine FisheriesExposition of 1906 as a sediment sampler although it appears to be morelikely that it was meant to
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Plate 4. An integrated model of the dredging devices and gear used aboard thePRINCESSE ALICE II. This model was displayed in the oceanographic and physicalinstruments display room of the Oceanographic Museum at Monaco about 1910.
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Figure 20. A model devised to demonstrate the quantity of common salt in thesea. The idea is that if all the salt in the sea were to evaporate it wouldcover an area and volume equal to the above sea-level area and volume ofAfrica. Dr. Walter Stahl
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Figure 21. A map of salinity of the surface of the ocean. This map was created by Dr. Walter Stahlberg and mounted and displayed by Max Marx in the windowsof the Oceanographic Museum.
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Figure 22. Chemical elements that are dissolved in sea water. Major elementsare sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, silicon, carbon, sulfur, oxygen,chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Minor elements are titanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, boron,
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Figure 23. Display demonstrating the amount of dissolved gased in sea water.Each glass cube is 1 decimeter cubed in volume. The glass bulbs represent theamount of dissolved quantities of O2, N, and CO2 in the first two at lowtemperature and high te
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Figure 24. Quantity of arsenic in marine plants as noted by the Frenchpharmacist and chemist Henri Marcelet as the result of studies at theOceanographic Museum in 1912.
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Figure 25. Samples of different types of marine sediments. This display wasconceived by Professor Julien Thoulet in 1905 to both educate the public butalso as guide for sailors who used bottom samples as a guide in piloting.
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Figure 26. Effects of pressure on different types of hollow tubes as studied by John Young Buchanan, both during his experiences on the CHALLENGER expeditionand with Prince Albert I of Monaco on the PRINCESS ALICE II in 1902. Buchananpublished his
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Figure 27. Model of an Ekman Current Meter. This type of current meter wasinvented by V. Wilfred Ekman in about 1903. It had a novel method of recordingcurrent speed and direction. In effect small marbles were distributed by adrainpipe on the mag
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Figure 28. Model of a machine for generating electricity based on differencesof temperature between the sea surface and great depth. This thermal machinewas devised by the physicist Georges Claude and the engineer Paul Boucherot in1926. It was an
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Figure 29. Model of the dynanometer with enclosed springs used on the HIRONDELLE. On the left is the assmbled model while on the right is the tension scaleshowing the tension placed on an oceanographic cable during operations.
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Figure 30. Samples of steel cable used by Prince Albert I of Monaco during hisoceanographic studies. Various diameter cables were used with different typesequipment at varying depths.
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Figure 31. A model of the deck gear, pullies, and booms used for dredging on thePRINCESSE ALICE II.
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Figure 32. Meteorological kite flown from the PRINCESS ALICE II. ProfessorHugo Hergesell of Strasbourg interested Prince Albert in exploring the highatmosphere. As such, the first studies of the upper atmosphere while at seawere conducted off the P
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