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index 2010
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Voyage
Ocean Exploration
Modern Expeditions
OER
Index 2010
Ocean Exploration
Hydrothermal vents found on the undersea volcano Kawio Barat (West Kawio)Seamount.
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As we came upon the hydrothermal vent source, we could seefrozen sulphur and dense populations of shrimp covering rocks.
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A vent spewing hydrothermal fluids in the foreground with barnacles coveringsulphide chimneys behind.
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Close-up imagery showing barnacles covering sulphur structures on KawioBarat volcano. Their tentacles, or 'cirri', extended like blooming flowers, then folded back into the shell. The white fluff on the cirri are filaments ofbacteria that grow in the
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0.5 to 1 meter tall active and inactive spires on the summit of the KawioBarat submarine volcano. Spires observed at 1849 meters depth.
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The first animals we sighted were clams sparsely scattered over the sedimentand white mats, both of which use vent fluids as energy for associated microbes.
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Zooming closer with the cameras on the ROV, we can see frozen sulphurrivulets covering the rocks. Molten sulphur at high temperature is black whilethe yellow sulphur indicates a lower temperature when molten. Diffuse ventfluids in the area promote th
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A closer look at a chimney surface reveals blue-white fluffy bacteria on awhite squat lobster, probably a grazer.
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The surface of the sulphide chimney has started to oxidize to an orange color. A large scale-worm lurks to the left - it is a predator with large jaws.
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In a new site, we can never know for sure what the animals are from ventcommunities only. But this crab likely belongs to a groupknown only from hot vents.
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Cameras on the ROV reveal a field of sulphur chimneys completelycovered with barnacles.
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Venting is still active through some of the chimneys. Here a thin spiregrows with a black tip and emerging water that is probably over 100 degrees C.
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A dense assemblage of barnacles covered rocks and sulphur chimneys onKawio Barat.
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West Kawio (Kawio Barat) Seamount which rises 3800 meters from the seafloor.A 3D view derived from the OKEANOS EXPLORER multi-beam mapping system.
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Four-way association. Hermit crabs were found in associationwith soft corals (red - polyps retracted). Note that the hermit crabis also associated with an episymbiontic anemone - the snail shellprovides home to both animals. 422 meters depth.
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The exoskeleton of this majid crab living at 516 meters depth providessubstrate to many species of hydroids and barnacles.
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Closeup view of a bubblegum coral being colonized by a parasitic zoanthidat 1588 meters depth
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A 70-cm scraggly toothed bathysaurus fish.
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Bubblegum corals (red) lack any form of fused internal skeleton.A complex of microscopic skeletal structures (sclerites) joined by organiccements provide support to the colony. Fleshy brittle stars are usually found in association with these corals.
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An overview showing the extraordinary biodiversity found at seamount K,even at small scales.
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